Liberty Hill Home

We initiated this project for our client, completed the initial schematic designs, received permissions, and worked to create a fully-realized architectural expression.

First, we designed and permitted the building expansion to create a 4-story structure with expansive glass panels that capture a 270 degree view.

We then began to collaborate with interior designer, Charles de Lisle.

Working on behalf our our mutual clients, tech CEO Yishai Lerner and his wife Sabrina, we defined and detailed material applications throughout the home. 

This is on full display throughout the house, most notably at the unique kitchen and the extravagant basement.

The kitchen invites you to sit down, or create your next culinary experience.

A modern kitchen with bohemian details.
The custom kitchen island is created with beautiful, inviting redwood.
The basement level features a custom redwood sculptural wall by artist Ido Yoshimoto.

On the lower level, we created this seamless indoor / outdoor space where the room is as much a part of the garden as it is a part of the house. This canvas serves as a backdrop for a wonderful expression of nature, interpreted as a beautiful redwood sculptural wall by @ido_yoshimoto. The piece has such a strong presence that you feel as if you’re next to it, even when the glass is closed. It completes the bridge between indoor and outdoor living.⁠

In the bathrooms, we used operable wood paneling, variegated cast concrete wall and custom cast concrete sink basin.

We also custom-designed and fabricated the winding iron staircase, so it appears to be floating independently of the walls.

We took a monumental space, and brought it to human-scale through carefully-selected organic materials, giving a sense of ease and approachability. You are invited to participate, touch, and interact with the space. 


Project Credits

Principal Architect: Ross Levy, Levy Art + Architecture @levy_aa⁠ ⁠
Project Architect: Karen Andersen⁠
Architecture Team: Shirin Monshipouri, Andrew Sparks, Michael Ageno, Sonja Navin⁠
Interior Design: Charles Delisle @charlesdelisleoffice
Contractor: Blair Burke GC⁠
Site Superintendent: Brad Lord⁠
Project Manager: Nicole Barsetti⁠
Structural Engineer: Daedalus Engineering @daedalusstructuralengineering
Garden Wall: Ido Yoshimoto @ido_yoshimoto
Clients: Yishai and Sabrina Lerner⁠
⁠Photos: Eric Petschek @ericpetschek and Karen Andersen @almost.elfish

Publications

This home was featured in Architectural Digest, Fall 2023: https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/tour-a-stunning-san-francisco-family-home-that-used-to-be-a-total-bachelor-pad

Miter House on Kansas Street

As you approach this home, the façade that appears to be solid is revealed as a series of layers.  A combed stone outer cladding gives way to a smooth plaster layer that, in turn, sits atop a shear layer of windows and taught corner glass.  This is a representation of our clients: private people who become familiar over time. 

Update: Miter House has been nominated for ArchDaily’s Building of the Year Contest! VOTE now through February 15, 2023 to help get this project to the final round.

The space of the home is similar. A slow reveal is based on an up-and-over movement across the site, and there’s an idea of two structures, front and back. Entering on the ground level, you ascend two broad steps to a central platform. 

This “space between” houses the central stair. 

The stair accesses a reverse plan: entry and gymnasium below, bedrooms between, living spaces atop. It’s capped by a roof deck. Materials define interior spaces.  Maple slats and brass clad walls work together to define the central space, filter and reflect light, an experiential relationship that, like the façade, reveals itself through time.   Each side of the structure has its own character and its own view, the front facing east defined by morning light and downtown views through mitered corner windows. The back faces west, the sunset and Twin Peaks viewed through operable glass walls that expand the floor area for indoor-outdoor functions.   Two houses joined by a central spine and revealing themselves through time.

We successfully navigated this project through San Francisco city planning and a rigorous design review process.

“Ross and his team did a fabulous job on both the architecture and design touches for our new home in SF.  Ross listened deeply to our goals for the project, but offered his expert eye and judgment to create something far better than if he’d simply done exactly as asked.  We’re thrilled with the results and frequently see passers by stopping to admire his work.  Unusual for a talented architect, Ross has a deep understanding of and respect for the craft of building—that knowledge was invaluable for many key decisions we faced. When a materials price spike made a highly visible staircase cost-prohibitive, Ross came up with a creative solution we love!  Equally important, he orchestrated that oh so vital “dance” among planning department, neighbors, and contractor. We loved LAA’s vision and aesthetic, but none of it means a thing if you can’t get it built. Ross’s ability to bring all the parties along was critical to the success of the project.   We choose LAA for their architectural and design talent, but we did not realize just how critical all these other skills are to getting what you really want—a home you love.”

Architect: Ross Levy⁠ (Levy Art + Architecture)⁠
Project Team: Michael Ageno, Patrick Donato⁠, Shirin Monshipouri (Levy Art + Architecture)⁠
Interior Architect / Designer: Frances Weiss⁠ (Levy Art + Architecture)⁠
Contractor: Colm Brennan at Stronghold Construction
Structural Engineer: Daedalus Engineering
Photographer: Joe Fletcher

Sq ft: 3,707
Completed: 2020
All-new construction
Architecture + interior architecture by Levy Art + Architecture

Los Altos Hills

This highly sustainable, eco-friendly smart home is a high-tech architectural masterpiece. With meticulous attention to detail throughout, the home utilizes a geothermal energy system and an impressive 30 feet of NanaWall stacking glass doors. Crucial living spaces open to outdoor areas, achieved by the support of the steel beam construction. With 7 bedrooms, 6 bathrooms, as well as an au pair unit, there is ample and versatile space available. This contemporary retreat also boasts a spectacular pool. Extensively remodeled, with every imaginable amenity, the home is a Modern Zen retreat.

SIZE: 7 Bedrooms, 6 Bathrooms, 5,956 sq. Ft.

PRINCIPAL ARCHITECT: Ross Levy (Levy Art + Architecture)

PROJECT TEAM: Therese Peffer (Levy Art + Architecture)

CONSTRUCTION: Murphy McKenna Construction

MEP:  David Knight (Monterey Energy Group)

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: Tim Stauffer (now with Avelar)

PHOTOGRAPHER: Marcell Puzsar

Queen of Bolinas

A beachside getaway for a repeat client – an SF family of four – Queen is an impressive clifftop home in Bolinas, CA overlooking the ocean and the Duxberry Reef Tide Pools.

We worked with this client previously on their primary home in San Francisco. They approached us after purchasing this property and asked us to review it. They were originally contemplating simple upgrades, but we created a larger vision together – navigating design, permissions, and coordinating throughout construction.

This project is about connections. The original structure consisted of two separate, elevated masses, a small house and adjacent decks. We stitched these two disparate pieces together, inside and out, to create a singular expression in exterior form and flowing interior spaces. The central element that binds the two sides together is a three-story glass wall. It connects the two buildings at the hinge point, creating a clear point of entry. The multi-paned composition is made of different colors and textures in reference to the beachfront location and the sea glass found there.

Entering this double height space, an open stairwell signals that the main living spaces are on the top floor. Here, the panoramic view of the coastline from San Francisco to the Farallon islands is unimpeded. As with the exterior, we brought the two sides of the house together to create a single, open living environment that combines kitchen, living and dining. A deck that runs the length of the house completes the side-to-side connection, and a new stair brings you from the upper deck to the lower deck with integrated hot tub. From there, you walk down directly to the bluff outside, connecting the living spaces to the landscape.

On the middle level there are two bedrooms and a bath. A gracious primary suite has a bank of windows that looks out to sea. The primary bath includes book-matched granite panels in the shower, and double sinks in driftwood-themed cabinetry. This is complemented by the children’s bunk room with skylit bath, laundry and views to the western sunset.

Sustainable features for this remote location include, first and foremost, passive solar collection through the extensive south-facing glazing. Solar panels and battery storage provide for active electrical generation. Remote access for systems allows continuous monitoring and energy management from a distance. There is a backup propane-fired system for supplemental heat.

Our client’s goal was to create a gracious family retreat that celebrates the natural setting of Bolinas and to provide spaces for gathering with friends. They are thrilled with the result, which is far beyond what they had imagined was possible.

Principal Architect: Ross Levy, Levy Art + Architecture
Architectural / Interior Designer: Karen Andersen, Levy Art + Architecture
Structural Engineer: Bruce King
General Contractor: Kasten Builders
Landscape Designer: Shirley Watts 
Photographer: Mikiko Kikuyama Photography

Square footage: 1500 sq ft
Location: Bolinas, CA

Russian Hill Residences

Exterior corner view of the Russian Hill Residence contemporary single-family home in San Francisco

In San Francisco, it is unusual to build from the ground up. Even more rare, in the established and historic area of Russian Hill. This project works in scale with the urban landscape and topography of the west slope. Its mass and formal modulation conform with the texture, while at the same time creating a distinct identity. 

The historical context is embraced by creating vistas and juxtapositions inside and out that underscore the relationship between old and new, adorned but reduced. These moments define a new role for the modern in the space of the original and both benefit.

In order to enjoy the views of the Golden Gate Bridge and bay, our client requested we incorporate as much uninterrupted West- and North-facing glass as possible.  With this as a starting point, we begin to shape the programmatic needs around this framed view.  The structural language was developed around carving away at the mass and the northwest corner of the building became a dematerialized mitered glass expression. 

Ross and his team did a terrific job in marrying the modern sustainable design aesthetic we had with the practical aspects of urban family living. He was involved from start to finish in an entire house rebuild and created a spectacular gem of a home for us! Highly recommended!

While the West face required maximum transparency, the South and East sides needed to provide privacy and thermal control. We created a bipartite composition of forms and a masonry base that anchors the volume to the site.

The upper level is a continuous band of clerestory glass, further lightening its presence.  The lower floors are is clad in white reinforced concrete panels.   This volume was modeled as a continuous surface, small apertures were treated as penetrations within the regular, horizontal grid. Each opening is lined with protruding stainless steel jambs that accentuate the punctuation of the skin. Larger openings were delineated as interruptions in the horizontal panel grid.  The edges here being concealed as the skin wraps back toward the structure.  In total, we imposed a single system that could be adapted to each orientations reach condition.

Concerned with passive performance, we offset the ample Western exposure with heavily insulated wall and roof cavities.  The vertical volume was designed to draw the occupants up the stair from terrace level and to serve as a heat chimney, providing naturally driven ventilation up to the penthouse. This shaft serves the dual purpose of organizing space and flows, and conditioning the space and is the primary gesture that brings visitors up the front stair. Conceived as a semi- outdoor experience, it transitions a weather protected passage from grade level to the elevated foyer. 

The view is introduced in a look through an informal den, which is closable by a series of folding panels: a public space with private potential.  By aligning these two spaces and borrowing the vista, each space was enhanced, the overall horizontal projection at the second floor entry has an equivalent relationship with the vertical volume of the stairwell. 

The vertical flow of space continues to the main living space on the third level and ultimately to the pavilion and roof terrace, creating an elevated ground that is essentially replaced atop the structure.  The living space takes advantage of the framed vistas using floor to ceiling glass, presenting an internal horizon to offer a variety of views — both framed and unframed. 

The ceiling plane is modulated with large coffer, which provides definition for the distinct functions of the space and allows for seamless integration of cove and direct lighting. Linear skylights above the fireplace and across the mid line of the level, combine with the stairwell to even the natural lighting in the space that is dominated by West-facing glass. 

The open plan is organized where the spaces are only defined by turning a corner, offering hidden places that offer a different experience of place. A breakfast nook enjoys the south sun and looks towards the downtown skyline, a media room is closed by a sliding wall, and a half bath is located discreetly at the rear of the space made more private by a vestibule — a place to pause before re-entering the social space. 

All of this is capped by a roof terrace that covers almost the entire footprint of the structure.  Here, the view is unobstructed and breathtaking.  It is also a place for growing herbs and riding bikes; it’s the urban oasis envisioned and championed by Gropius and Corbusier.

Architect: Levy Art + Architecture
General Contractor: Saturn Construction
Structural Engineer: SEMCO
Land Use Consultant: Jeremy Paul
Photographer: Matthew Millman

Publications:

Above the Dune on Great Highway

How an Architecture Studio Created a Lifestyle for a Working Professional and Dedicated Surfer

Architect: Ross Levy⁠ (Levy Art + Architecture)⁠
Project Team: Melissa Todd, Patrick Donato⁠ (Levy Art + Architecture)⁠
Interior Architect / Designer: Frances Weiss⁠ (Levy Art + Architecture)⁠
Contractor: Blair Burke (BBGC)⁠
Entitlements: Jeremy Paul (Quickdraw)
Stair Fabricator: Luke Gosellin
Structural Engineer: FTF⁠ Engineering⁠
Photographer: Joe Fletcher

If you’ve ever surfed, you know that you need to watch the water. The swells tell a surfer when it’s time to surf, not the other way around. For the committed, this means that living at the beach isn’t a luxury; it’s a necessity.

That’s why this project happened: our surf-focused client knew he had to make the big move — all the way across San Francisco, from Bernal Heights to Ocean Beach (a solid twenty-minute drive), so that he could keep an eye on the ever-changing swell. Stretching above the sand dune, the expanded third floor living space and roof deck afford him and his family the ultimate lookout.

Lifeguard Tower 25. The location was perfect, but the house was old. It was water-damaged and strangely organized. A third floor had been “dropped” on top of the original San Francisco “Marina Style” two-story, leaving a large cavity between. It was space to work with, just like a wave that appears on the horizon.

Working from top to bottom, we revealed vertical spaces that make the house feel and live much larger than its actual 2350 sq ft footprint. We set the entry on the split level, up from the street, to resist sand and wind and to heighten that experience even more. Ascending that half a flight on a wide stair, you’re drawn through the middle level on a cable suspended stair to the top, the lookout.

Here we added minimally, 150 square feet, almost all glass, and a new deck directly in front for the best vantage up and down the beach. New living space is under a 10-foot ceiling with natural light from 4 sides via clerestories. They define the rooms, and even the light-reducing ocean glare. A small sitting area and the kitchen at the back are cozy, under the original ceilings. Finally, we suspended a deck off the back wall to support a ladder to the roof to service the solar panels and to get a bigger view, make a better call on the waves.

The interiors (by Melissa Todd and Frances Weiss) are beach-y but contemporary. We added an organic and textural layer of materials including warm-toned wood and a mix of Cle, Fireclay, and Heath tiles in earth and water colors to ground the space in its natural environment. The effect is restrained yet welcoming, simultaneously curated and laid back.

Our client couldn’t be happier, and he’s converted his family into devoted beach goers. During the time of the Covid quarantine that has been a most welcome addition for all.

And the surf’s been good this year, too.


This project was featured in Dwell in July 2021 — check out the before & after comparisons here.

Based in San Francisco, California, Levy Art & Architecture specializes in commercial and residential projects, with the goal of creating an innovative architectural design consistent with the client’s vision. A team of professionals with extensive experience and multi-disciplinary backgrounds handles a wide range of projects of every scale. Want to find out how we can turn your vision into a custom-built project? Contact us and let’s chat.

Hermitage Russian Hill: Los Tres Amigos

Living Room full glass wall in upscale Hermitage San Francisco Home by Architect Levy Art + Architecture

Three Designers Modernize a Landmark Flat with European Sensibility and Meaning

Joe, Joe Joe Joe… ever concerned, ever considered, ever conditional.  I’ve known Joe for some time now; we do some of the same sports and our children grew up together (or, in parallel) in the universe of San Francisco adolescence.  Joe is very successful and very involved.

He was single — more on that later — works downtown and was renting a small house in the shadow of a large high-rise on Russian Hill.  He kept wanting to buy, and I’d looked at things with him over the years, but his radius was small. Really small. About an eighth of a mile, right at the top of the hill.

Finally, we went to look at a large unit in a small building.  It was spacious but formal, featuring several connected parlor rooms with up-close Bay Bridge and Downtown views.  It was a bit “tired and old” in its aesthetics.  Although the views were outstanding, the doors and windows could not be changed. They were a more traditional version of a punched opening with traditional trim and casings.  The ceilings were high, which is great, but the spaces felt somewhat interior. 

Our approach was to remove as many divisions as possible and to rearrange the sequence of experiences to take better advantage of the outlooks and to better suit the program for our client. We opened and integrated the living spaces to create a long, connected set of experiences of the view.  We likened this new, very large, space to a Palazzo: the type of redeveloped art gallery you see in European cities in a repurposed historic structure.  The doors casings, walls and ceilings at the perimeter are all preserved, but “whited out,” creating a “gallery backdrop” for a much more contemporary interior. 

Joe is no longer single as he used to be. Enter his & hers designers: Cindy Bayon and Eche Martinez. Working together, Eche, Cindy and I — Los Tres Amigos — crafted stand-alone moments in the white box environment, redefining the now wall-less volume with architectural, functional and artistic objects.  Cindy and I started the hard surfaces work with space-defining features like the floating dining room ceiling with collapsible chainmail walls.  The master bath was enlarged, made into a grand spa — an exercise in exquisite materiality with Alcatraz views. The master suite was fitted out with an integrated headboard, lighting, and large walk-in, making it more of a private refuge.  

Each installation reflects an aspect of the clients’ lives: the back lit, white gloss panels that line the entryway represent snow and skiing, wood paneling at the headboard is for nature and farming, and the materialized master bath for sophistication and travel.

Art is the thing that binds this all together. Working from the lighting into the soft surfaces and art, Eche made the spaces livable and understandable.  The entire home is now inhabited, by people and by objects. The furnishings and works of art create the balance and fullness that this open environment needs.

Our work is a process and processes take time and perspective.  This team, formed over time and distance, brought real meaning to the project. This kind of meaning and integrity can only be built over time, with layers of vision blended to a seamless whole.

Architect: Levy Art + Architecture
Contractor: Moroso Construction
Interior Designers: Cindy Bayon & Eche Martinez

Photographer: Christopher Stark


Featured in Modern Luxury Magazine: “Sky High” by Maile Pingel (Fall 2021)

Featured in Architectural Digest: “This Contemporary San Francisco Condo Is A Lesson In How To Live With Art” by Saiqa Ajmal (June 2022)

Noe Valley Craftsman

Noe Valley House Rear

Back to Nature

A San Francisco Design Duo Modernized a Traditional Craftsman Home by Opening it to the Outdoors

“THERE’S A SENSE OF WANTING to bring back the elemental, the wild,” says designer Kevin Hackett, whose firm Síol Studios recently joined forces with architect Ross Levy to transform a modest bungalow on a down-sloping lot in San Francisco’s Noe Valley into a light-filled three-story home that’s woven into its valley landscape. “I think we crave nature more than ever because we’re not connecting to it as much,” Hackett says.

From a curb perspective, there’s no indication that Hackett and Levy’s design facilitates a connection to nature. Its gray-painted Craftsman-style facade, just like those around it, references the city’s architectural past, when punched windows, low ceilings, opaque walls and small rooms represented the idea of home.

“It’s the old fabric, which city planning authorities demand we keep because they feel it maintains the general charm and character of San Francisco,” Levy says. The architect and modernist at heart did what many city architects do and created openness and airiness in the rear and the interior of the house, while leaving its traditional-style street presentation. “It’s hidden architecture,” Levy says.

The two residents, who work in technology and community arts and organization, pass through the entry and traverse a steel-grate bridge into an expansive living, dining and kitchen area on the house’s top level. Levy punctuated the open-plan space — and the entire rear facade — with glass and steel that visually explodes with the sublime greenery of the valley below.

“You begin with a Craftsman aesthetic, but then step over the threshold and kind of float on that bridge and it’s almost like you’ve walked into a treehouse,” Hackett says. “The bridge lets you know you’re entering new territory and sets up the experience for the rest of the home.”

Levy also designed a suspended walnut-and-steel staircase with a slim silhouette that accentuates the airiness of the beamed living space and leads to a new rooftop deck Hackett designed. The light feel of the staircase marks your ascension to the highest point of the home, where a concrete fire pit and bluestone pavers offset built-in redwood benches and a red cedar hot tub. It’s a space above the treetops that’s abuzz with the sounds and sights of the city.

Inspired by the ways the architecture integrates with the terrain, Hackett appointed the interior with natural materials and finishes. Gauze-like sheers dress the steel-framed windows in the kitchen-dining-and-living area, mitigating the sunlight that washes over the space’s lime plaster wall.

“The plaster almost sucks in that light, accentuating and reflecting it,” Hackett says. “Everything is pared down so the focus is on the poetics of the sunlight.” The designer employed walnut flooring that lends still more warmth and texture and pays homage to the tree trunks that populate the valley. The kitchen island, too, is crafted with walnut as well as blackened steel. “It’s as if the walnut comes up and out of the floor,” Hackett says. “And the steel will wear beautifully and exhibit a nice patina.” A brilliant and massive painting by Jet Martinez that depicts riotous florals marks the kitchen area, making it appear more like a gallery corner than a functional space.

As you move to the lower floors, where Levy situated the bedrooms and bathrooms, there’s a quieter sense of being anchored. Hackett and Levy devised a shifting materiality for the staircases to enhance the sensation of moving from high to low: the airy steel-and-walnut up to the roof, walnut and walnut-and-concrete staircases from the living room down to the bedrooms; solid cast-concrete stairs to the ground level.

The bathroom design adds more sensory impressions. A lime plaster wall in the second-level master bath provides yet another canvas for sunlight play, and in the ground-level bath, a plant wall within a light well presses up against a partially etched glass floor-to-ceiling window, creating the feeling of being outdoors.

“The way you’re drenched in greenery and sunlight is remarkable,” Hackett says. Levy agrees: “It’s rare in San Francisco to be able to experience the outdoors while you shower,” the architect says.

Hackett covered the ground-level bath’s shower walls in idiosyncratically textured clay tile that harnesses glittering sunlight and bounces it around in a beautiful way. “The clay has amazing subtleties,” the designer says. “This shower is an experience that slows down mind-and-body space, offering an opportunity for true pause.”

The entire home “has a natural vibe so you almost forget you’re in San Francisco,” Levy says. “When you stare out the back of the house, you’re not looking at the downtown skyline or the Golden Gate Bridge. You’re looking at the valley and it’s this peaceful, beautiful thing.”

It’s a mood Hackett deliberately sought to cultivate, given how technology and constant scrolling impose a staccato rhythm to modern life. “Pinterest and Instagram can be a dangerous vacuum of style,” says the designer, who specifically avoids letting clients describe the way they want spaces to look and instead asks them to identify the way they want to feel and live in each area of their home. “I don’t want to talk about aesthetics,” he says. “I want to know what kind of sensory experiences they’re after.” Hackett finds that during these conversations, a desire to connect with nature emerges practically every time. “Our bodies and minds are attuned to natural systems,” he says. “Before we leap into the science behind this thing or the other, we need a firm grasp on our humanity.”


This project was also featured in Dwell Magazine: “A Craftsman Bungalow in San Francisco Gets a Striking, All-Glass Rear Facade” by By Jennifer Baum Lagdameo, June 8, 2020.

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UC Santa Cruz – Big Creek Reserve

Buildings as Living Systems

Working with the Conservation Biology Department at the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), we designed a living classroom, scientific research housing and staff housing on the 7,000 acre Natural Reserve and adjacent Marine Sanctuary. In addition to developing an appropriate architectural language, we coordinated a project team to create a complete, standalone facility that is self-powering, and environmentally neutral in terms of water supply and wastewater disposal. The level of difficulty was increased by the close proximity to the pristine Big Creek and its riparian zone. Budget constraints were extreme, as we were asked to develop two separate sites that each required complete infrastructure, as well as protection for sensitive environments and species. LEED registration was cost-prohibitive, but the project is LEED Platinum equivalent. We worked through a rigorous UC process and created an exemplary architectural response.

In terms of community engagement, we involved local “in-holders” who have owned homesteaded properties for generations. Considering First Nations and archaeology was also important. Although the Reserve is primarily intended for scientific research and education, we were able to expand the community by making agreements with the Coastal Commission to allow for some public access to this spectacular place.

Defined by integration — into the setting, into the ecosystem and into the larger conversation about climate — we nestled the program into natural spaces and made it as invisible as possible. It’s as much about real utility integration as it is about environment and aesthetics.  It’s planned as an ecosystem within an ecosystem.

Architecture Project Team: Levy Art + Architecture (Michael Ageno, Karen Andresen)
Interior Architect & Designer: Levy Art + Architecture (Frances Weiss)
Landscape: Levy Art + Architecture
General Contractor: Mark Plainfield
Project / Construction Manager: UCSC Physical Planning
Planning (Chancellor): UCSC
Civil Engineer: Sherwood Engineering (Peter Haase)
Structural Engineer: Daedalus Engineering
Mechanical Engineer: The Integral Group (Stephen Chapes)
Electrical / Solar: The Integral Group (David Kaneda)
Plumbing: The Integral Group
Lighting: Levy Art + Architecture
Audio / Visual: UCSC
Rendering: Levy Art + Architecture
Photography: Levy Art + Architecture
Special Construction: Ranch Managers
Cost Estimating: Directional Logic